Entwicklung und Herstellung von Brennstoffzellenmembranen
The aim of this project is to perform a micro-structural characterisation of the membranes utilised in Direct-Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs). A lot of work has been done in modelling the structure of Nafion® membranes, which are presently the best candidates for DMFCs applications. SAXS (Small-Angle X-ray Scattering) and SANS (Small-Angle Neutron Scattering) have been used for this purpose, due to their high sensitivity to electron density fluctuations and contrast, respectively. However, Nafion® shows some disadvantages such as swelling, high methanol crossover through the membrane and high cost. A lot of investigation has been done in GKSS Research Centre, either to improve the undesirable properties of Nafion®, or to replace this polymer by lower-priced ones. For instance, sulphonated form of poly(ether ether ketone) is a low-priced proton conducting polymer. Its properties concerning DMFC have been improved by the inclusion of some inorganic additives such as zirconium oxides and zirconium phosphates. Yet another set of new polymers such as block co-polyimides and poly(oxodiazoles) containing proton-conducting groups, sulphonated and phosphonated polysulfones have been synthesised for the same reason mentioned above. Since the microstructure and morphology of these new materials have been scarcely investigated, it is important to know whether the morphology of these membranes plays an important role on its crucial properties such as proton-conductivity and methanol permeability. Weitere Informationen zu diesem Forschungsprojekt können Sie hier bekommen. Publikationen - 5-09.137V
L.A.S.de A. Prado, V. Haramus, C.S. Karthikeyan, B. Ruffmann, R. Willumeit, S.P. Nunes, K. SchulteCharacterisation of novel lonomer membranes based on Poly(ether ether ketone) and layered materials. Annual Users Meeting of GKSS Research Reactor, Geesthacht, Germany. Annual Report of Users (2002) - 5-09.138V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, M.L. Ponce, S.P. Nunes, R. Willumeit, S.S. Funari, K. Schulte.Morphology of SPEEK membranes: Effect of composition of the membrane.Annual Users Meeting of HASYLAB at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Annual Report of Users (2002) - 5-09.139V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, M.L. Ponce, B. Ruffmann, S.P. Nunes, R. Willumeit, V. Haramus, G. Goerigk, K. Schulte.Organic-inorganic membranes tailored for fuel cell applications: Analysis of the morphology of the inorganic components by ASAXS. Annual Users Meeting of HASYLAB at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Annual Report of Users (2002) - 5-09.140V
C.S. Karthikeyan, M. Schossig, B. Ruffmann, K. Schulte, S.P. Nunes.Novel lonomeric membranes with layered silicates. Proceedings of International Conference on Solid State Protonic Conductors, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, August 2002. - 5-09.141V
S.P. Nunes, C.S. KarthikeyanCharacterisation of polymer electrolyte membranes by SANS. Experimental Report of 2001: Materials Science Workshop, GKSS Forschungszentrum, Geesthacht, Germany, p. 27, March 2002 - 5-09.162V
C.S. Karthikeyan, M. Schossig, E. Radovanovic, M.C. Gonçalves, H. Wittich, K. Schulte, S.P. Nunes.Aligned Nafion® nanocomposites: Preparation and morphological characterization. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 288, (2003) pp. 175-180 - 5-09.172V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, C.S. Karthikeyan, K. Schulte, S.P. NunesOrganic modification of layered silicates: Structural and thermal characterisations.International Conference of Inorganic Materials, Bonn, Germany, 07.-12.04.2003 - 5-09.192V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, H. Wittich, K. Schulte, G. Goerigk, V. Garamus, R. Willumeit, B. Ruffmann, S.P. Nunes: Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering characterization of composites based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), zirconium phosphates and zirconium oxide. J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 42 (2004), pp. 567-575 - 5-09.193V
Nadia M. José, Luis A.S. de A. Prado, I.V.P. Yoshida: Synthesis, characterization, and permeability evaluation of hybrid organic-inorganic films. J. of Polymer Science, Part B, Polymer Phys. 42 (2004) pp. 4281-4292 - 5-09.205V
J.L.Ponce, L.A.S. de A. Prado, V. Silva, S.P. Nunes: Membranes for direct methanol fuel cell based on modified heteropolyacids. DESALINATION 162 (2004) pp. 383-391 - 5-09.210V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, V.M. Garamus, M. Leticia Ponce, S. Vetter, G. Goerigk, H. Wittich, K. Schulte, S.P. Nunes, R. Willumeit: Proton-conducting nanocomposites: Distribution of the heteropolyacids in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes revealed by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering. ECCM 11, Rhodos, Greece, May 31 ¿ June 3, 2004 - 5-09.213V
L.A.S.de A. Prado, C.S. Karthikeyan, S.S. Funari, K. Schulte, R. Willumeit, I.L. de Torriani, S.P. Nunes: Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies on SPEEK Silylated Sinthethic Layered Silicate Composites for direct Methanol fuel Cells. SLAP 2004, Valencia, Spain, July 11 ¿16, 2004 - 5-09.214V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, Y.A. Gallego, G. Goerigk, K. Schulte, R. Willumeit, J. de Abajo, S.P. Nunes: Sulfonated Block copolyimides for Direct-Methanol Fuel Cells: Analysis of the Clustering of Ionic Groups by Anomalous Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering. SLAP 2004, Valencia, Spain, July 11 ¿16, 2004 - 5-09.215V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, C.S. Karthikeyan, I.L. de Torriani, K. Schulte, S.P. Nunes: Poly(benzlimidazole)Layered Silicate Nanocomposties: Preparation, Silicate Exfoliation and Vapor-Barrier Properties. 20th General Conference of the CMD of European Physical Society, July 19 ¿ 23, 2004 - 5-09.229V
Nadia M. Jose and L. A. S. de A. Prado: Organic-Inorganic HybridMaterials: Synthesis and Selected Applications. Quimica Nova 28 (2005) 281 - 5-09.233V
L.A.S. de A. Prado, M.L. Ponce, S.S. Funari, V.M. Garamus, R. Willumeit, K. Schulte, H. Wittich, S.P. NunesSAXS/WAXS characterization of proton-conducting polymer membranes containing phosphomolybdic acid. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351 (2005) pp. 2194-2199 - 5-09.238V
C.S. Karthikeyan, S.P. Nunes, L.A.S.A. Prado, M.L. Ponce, B. Ruffmann, K. SchultePolymer nanocomposite membranes for DMFC application. J. Membr. Sci. 254 (2005) pp. 139-146
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