Gewässersedimente - Aquatic Sediments

Despite our current awareness of the need for controls on contaminant discharges to natural waters, historical contributions from urban, industrial and mining activities, has resulted in a legacy of contaminated sediments, that pose a significant environmental problem internationally. While historically, sediments have been a sink for contaminants, transformation and release processes makes them also a source of contamination to pore waters and ultimately to overlying waters. The impacts of metals and organic contaminants can have significant toxic impacts on benthic biota in both the sediment and overlying water, while the transformation and/or release of nutrient can result in the formation of nuisance and often toxic algal blooms. Such factors have a serious consequence for the health of the ecosystem and the general amenity of the water bodies that lie above or adjacent to the sediment.

Typical examples are:

o Sediments in most harbours are contaminated from sources including urban stormwater runoff, antifouling paints, shipping, and industrial inputs;

o Sulfidic sediments remaining from mining operations oxidise on exposure to air releasing acid and heavy metals;

o Bottom sediments of lakes and estuaries accumulate phosphorus which, on onset of anoxia as a result of excessive deposition of organic matter, may be released to the overlying water column stimulating algal growth.

• 1-03.293V
  Calmano W., Förstner U.: Characterization of dredged material Proceedings Int. Scientific and Technical Seminar -Ecological safety under sea and river port construction-, St. Petersburg, October 23-24, 1997, 35-45 (1997)
• 1-03.294V
  Calmano W., Förstner U.: Dredged Materials. In: I. Twardowska W.J. Lacy + A.A.F. Kettrup (eds.) Monitoring and Remediation Technologies for Solid wastes. Gordon and Breach Publ. (im Druck) (1999)
• 1-03.295V
  Calmano W., Ahlf W., Förstner U.: Sediment Quality assessment: Chemical and biological approaches. In: W. Calmano + U. Förstner (eds.): Sediments and Toxic Substances - Environmental Effects and Ecotoxicity. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 1-35 (1996)
• 1-03.296V
  Calmano W., Förstner U., Khorasani R.: Treatment of contaminated dredged sludge - Disposal strategies. In: A.S. Marfunin (ed.) Advanced Mineralogy, Vol. III, Mineral Matter in Space, Mantle, Ocean Floor, Biosphere, Environmental Management, Jewelry. S. 334-337. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 1998
• 1-03.297V
  Calmano W., Förstner U. (Hrsg.) Sediments and Toxic Substances - Environmental Effects and Ecotoxicity. 335 S. Springer-Verlag Berlin 1996
• 1-03.298V
  Calmano W., Roeters P., Vellinga T. (eds.): Contaminated Sediments. Water Science + Technology 37 (6-7), 453 p. (1998)
• 1-03.299V
  Calmano W.: Metals in sediments: Remobilization and environmental hazards. In: M. Munawar + G. Dave (eds.) Development and progress in sediment quality assessment: Rationale, Challenges, Techniques + Strategies. pp. 1-14 SPB Academic Publ., Amsterdam (1996)
• 1-03.300V
  Calmano W.: Notwendigkeit einer ökotoxikologischen Be-urteilung von Sedimenten. Positionspapier des Fachausschusses Gewässersedimente der Fachgruppe Wasserchemie in der GDCh. Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica 24: 101-103 (1996)
• 1-03.301V
  Calmano W.: Probleme mit Hamburger Hafenschlick. In: J.L. Lozan + H. Kausch (Hrsg.) Warnsignale aus Flüssen und Ästuaren, S. 124-129. Parey Buchverlag Berlin 1996
• 1-03.303V
  Flügge-Hamann U., Calmano W.: Immobilization of toxic chromium compounds in soils with iron-oxides. In: W.J. van den Brink, R. Bosman + F. Arendt (eds.) Contaminated Soil '95, Kluwer Academic Publishers, S. 1205-1206 (1995)
• 1-03.304V
  Förstner U., Calmano W., Ahlf W.: Sedimente als Schadstoffsenken und -quellen: Gedächtnis, Schutzgut, Zeitbombe, Endlager. In: Frimmel, F.H. (Hrsg.) Wasser und Gewässer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg: S. 249-279, 1999
• 1-03.315V
  Förstner U.: Contaminated aquatic sediments and waste sites: Geochemical engineering solutions. In: Salomons W., Förstner U. + Mader P. (Hrsg.) Heavy Metals - Problems and Solutions. S. 295-315. Springer-Verlag Berlin 1995
• 1-03.316V
  Förstner U.: Contaminated sediments and remediation - geochemical perspective. In: Novotny, V., Somlyódy, L. (Hrsg.) Remediation and Management of Degraded River Basins. NATO ASI Series, Partnership SubSeries. 2. Environment, Vol. 3. S. 231-253. Springer-Verlag Berlin 1995
• 1-03.327V
  Förstner U.: Nonlinear release of metals from aquatic sediments. In: Salomons W., Stigliani W.M. (Hrsg.) Biogeodynamics of Pollutants in Soils and Sediments. S. 247-307. Springer-Verlag Berlin 1995
• 1-03.331V
  Förstner U.: Risk assessment and technological options for contaminated sediments - a geochemical perspective. Mar. Freshwater Res. 46: 113-127 (1995)
• 1-03.339V
  Förstner U.: Wird mit der Schadstoffbelastung der Sedimente richtig umgegangen? In: Zukunft der Hydrologie in Deutschland. Mitteilung Nr. 16 S. 21-27. Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde Koblenz 1998

Stichwörter

• Gewässersedimente
• aquatic sediments
• contaminated sediments
• industrial contamination